Methodology…

Whilst such large-scale community-based archaeology projects can be challenging a number of precedents demonstrate their value. “Adopt-a-monument” is an account of a scheme in Finland providing a valuable example of an extremely successful large-scale community-lead programme, whilst frank accounts of her online projects based in the United States provide details of both their failures and successes and crucially a conclusion that such endeavours are ultimately worthwhile.

In the case of CoSMM earliest plans are simple and scalable. The initial pilot phase is being undertaken on Offa’s Dyke by the Trefonen Rural Protection Group (TRPG)  and in the first instance focuses on the development of a fixed-point photography conservation programme; the methodology is proven and based on that deployed by Dave McGlade, the current Chair of the ODA, in his work as National Trails Officer for Hadrian’s Wall – Monitoring Trail World Heritage Site . The group’s work will be coordinated by TRPG Committee members, who will take responsibility for training and day-to-day management on the ground. Local volunteers will download pro-forma documentation and upload their photographic and tabular data to the project’s intranet site, again, coordinated by the TRPG Committee. Those who are less comfortable with web-based technologies will be able to work with paper forms.

Once the local framework is in place and tested the working practices will be reviewed to establish whether they are effective and sustainable, to identify ‘pinch-points’ and where improvements can be made before more ambitious fieldwork plans are put in place. At all points the archaeologists will be available to provide help, advice and support wherever needed, but the community will own the project. Subsets of the data will be made available on the accompanying public-facing website to promote the project and the monument itself. Following the pilot, as more communities join, the value of combining these local, scalable resources will become apparent for raising the profile of Offa’s and Wat’s Dykes, for contributing to our knowledge and understanding of the monuments and for their long-term preservation.

Crucially, and perhaps most importantly, the project also provides a voice for the local communities, individually and collectively, to create a sense of ownership of the monument and an opportunity to share their perceptions, experiences and resources.


Bibliography:

Enhancing Education: What is Educational Outreach? (no date). Available at: http://enhancinged.wgbh.org/started/what/index.html (Accessed: 15 June 2017).
Roxby-Mackey, M. (2017) ‘Community Stewardship of Mercian Monuments (CoSMM)’, The Offa’s Dyke Collaboratory, 8 October. Available at: https://offaswatsdyke.wordpress.com/2017/10/08/community-stewardship-of-mercian-monuments-cosmm/ (Accessed: 23 October 2017).
Stanford University TAG (no date) Spatiality and Conflict: The Archaeology and Anthropology of space in conflict zones | Theoretical Archaeology Group. Available at: https://web.stanford.edu/dept/archaeology/cgi-bin/TAG/drupal/?q=content/spatiality-and-conflict-the-archaeology-and-anthropology-space-conflict-zones (Accessed: 4 March 2017).
Corporation for Public Broadcasting (2002) Enhancing Education: What is Educational Outreach? Available at: http://enhancinged.wgbh.org/started/what/index.html (Accessed: 15 June 2017).
The Institute of Historic Building Conservation (no date) Conservation Plans: a guide for the perplexed. Available at: http://ihbc.org.uk/context_archive/57/perplexed/guide.html (Accessed: 19 May 2016).
The Modern Antiquarian (no date) The Weddings at Stanton Drew. Available at: http://www.themodernantiquarian.com/site/8035/weddings_at_stanton_drew.html (Accessed: 12 November 2016).
UK Government (no date) Environmental Stewardship: guidance and forms for existing agreement holders - GOV.UK. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/environmental-stewardship-guidance-and-forms-for-existing-agreement-holders (Accessed: 15 May 2016).
Encyclopedia Britannia (no date) Wells Cathedral History & Architecture Part 1. Available at: http://www.britannia.com/history/somerset/churches/wellscath.html (Accessed: 16 November 2016).
Monk, M. A. and Kelleher, E. (2005) ‘An Assessment of the Archaeological Evidence for Irish Corn-Drying Kilns in the Light of the Results of Archaeological Experiments and Archaeobotanical Studies’, The Journal of Irish Archaeology, 14, pp. 77–114. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20650842.
Biddulph, E., Compton, J. and Martin, S. (2015) ‘The Late Iron Age and Roman Pottery’, Internet Archaeology, (40). doi: 10.11141/ia.40.1.biddulph1.
meliwm15 | Tything Arboretum Barbourne and Claines Hub (no date). Available at: http://www.tabch.co.uk/users/meliwm15 (Accessed: 4 May 2017).
Sellei, N. (no date) ‘BORDERS AND REPRESENTATION: JEAN RHYS'S "SMILE PLEASE" AS (POST) COLONIAL AUTOBIOGRAPHY’. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/3609504/BORDERS_AND_REPRESENTATION_JEAN_RHYSS_SMILE_PLEASE_AS_POST_COLONIAL_AUTOBIOGRAPHY (Accessed: 16 March 2018).
Palandjian, G. (no date) ‘Pedagogies of Space: (Re)Mapping National Territories, Borders, and Identities in Post- Soviet Textbooks*’, (Re)Constructing Memory: School Textbooks, Identity, And The Pedagogies And Politics Of Imagining Community. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/2376893/Pedagogies_of_Space_Re_Mapping_National_Territories_Borders_and_Identities_in_Post-_Soviet_Textbooks_ (Accessed: 16 March 2018).
Al-Shamahi, E. and University College London (2016) Fossil Hunting in the Yemen: Archaeologists Without Borders - Ella Al-Shamahi, Human Evolution @ UCL. Available at: http://www.ucl.ac.uk/human-evolution/news/ella-al-shamahi-yemen-archaeologist-without-borders-august-2016 (Accessed: 14 March 2018).
Borck, L. (2018) LEWIS BORCK, LEWIS BORCK. Available at: https://lewisborck.com/ (Accessed: 16 March 2018).
Lucas, G. and Kaufman, P. (2018) ‘Raiders of the Lost Ark’, Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark&oldid=828473446 (Accessed: 16 March 2018).
TEDx Talks (no date) Fossil Hunting in the Yemen: Archaeologists Without Borders | Ella Al-Shamahi | TEDxNashville. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0E-jN5r0bRk (Accessed: 11 March 2018).
Embleton, B. (no date) Geograph:: Time Team’s Big Roman Dig at Old Weir... (C). Available at: http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/25262 (Accessed: 2 March 2018).
Billinger, J. (no date) Geograph:: Roman Road - Offa’s Dyke intersection (C) Jonathan Billinger. Available at: http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/362905 (Accessed: 2 March 2018).
Carter, G. (no date) ‘24. Systematic Irregularity: Why almost nothing in the Celtic world was square’. Available at: http://structuralarchaeology.blogspot.com/2009/03/24-systematic-irregularity-why-almost.html (Accessed: 2 March 2018).
Lynch, F., Davies, J. L. and Aldhouse-Green, S. (2000) Prehistoric Wales. Stroud: Sutton.
Recording Archaeology (no date) Using Archaeological Reconstructions for Outreach and Community Engagement. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOHC3Xge_eg (Accessed: 27 December 2017).
Brooklyn’s Eighteenth-Century Lott House: Field Notes - Archaeology Magazine Archive (no date). Available at: http://archive.archaeology.org/online/features/lott/fieldnotes/ (Accessed: 23 April 2016).
Howard, P. (2007) Archaeological surveying and mapping: recording and depicting the landscape. London: Routledge.
Heritage Lottery Fund (no date) Conservation plan guidance | Heritage Lottery Fund. Available at: https://www.hlf.org.uk/conservation-plan-guidance (Accessed: 5 March 2016).
SCHARP (2015) ‘A blog post from Uist – the view from SCHARP volunteers.’, SCHARP Blog, 23 February. Available at: https://scharpblog.wordpress.com/ (Accessed: 7 December 2016).
ArchaeoLink (2012) Archaeolink, Turning Archaeology into Heritage. Available at: http://www.archaeolink.org/ (Accessed: 25 February 2018).
QGIS (no date) Welcome to the QGIS project! Available at: http://www.qgis.org/en/site/ (Accessed: 12 August 2016).
HistoryExtra (no date) A brief history of the Vikings, History Extra. Available at: http://www.historyextra.com/period/viking/a-brief-history-of-the-vikings/ (Accessed: 25 February 2018).
English Dictionary, Thesaurus, & grammar help | Oxford Dictionaries (no date). Available at: https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/ (Accessed: 21 February 2018).
Mackey, I. (2018) Ian Mackey, Archaeological Outreach.
Williams, P. H. M. R. (2017) ‘Dykes Through Time’, 10 October. Available at: https://offaswatsdyke.wordpress.com/2017/10/10/dykes-through-time/ (Accessed: 20 February 2018).
BAJR and Connely, D. (no date) British Archaeological Jobs Resource - BAJR. Available at: http://www.bajr.org/ (Accessed: 19 February 2018).
DEFRA (2016) DEFRA, Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-environment-food-rural-affairs (Accessed: 18 May 2016).
Bell, M. (2012) The archaeology of the dykes: from the Romans to Offa’s Dyke. Stroud: Amberley.
EU-OSHA (no date) United Kingdom - Safety and health at work - EU-OSHA. Available at: https://osha.europa.eu/en/about-eu-osha/national-focal-points/united-kingdom (Accessed: 22 March 2016).
West-Pavlov, R. (2009) Spatial Practices: An Interdisciplinary Series in Cultural History, Geography and Literature, Volume 7 : Space in Theory : Kristeva, Foucault, Deleuze. Amsterdam, NLD: Editions Rodopi. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/alltitles/docDetail.action?docID=10380451 (Accessed: 4 January 2016).
Wheatley, D. and Gillings, M. (2003) Spatial Technology and Archaeology: The Archaeological Applications of GIS. CRC Press.
Smith, M. E. (no date) ‘Publishing Archaeology: Why archaeologists need to publish outside of archaeology’. Available at: http://publishingarchaeology.blogspot.co.uk/2008/11/why-archaeologists-need-to-publish.html (Accessed: 28 January 2016).
Silver, M. et al. (2015) ‘Remote sensing, landscape and archaeology tracing ancient tracks and roads between Palmyra and the Euphrates in Syria’, ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, II-5/W3, pp. 279–285. doi: 10.5194/isprsannals-II-5-W3-279-2015.
Simmons, I. G. (2001) Environmental history of Great Britain. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Available at: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy022/2002327418.html.
Smith, B. (1998) The emergence of agriculture. New York: Scientific American Library (Scientific American library series ; 54).
Smith, L. (no date) Class, heritage and the negotiation of place. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/348666/Class_heritage_and_the_negotiation_of_place (Accessed: 15 May 2016).
Meier, T. (2012) ‘“Landscape”, “environment” and a vision of interdisciplinarity’, in Landscape Archaeology between Art and Science. Amsterdam University Press (From a Multi- to an Interdisciplinary Approach), pp. 503–514. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt6wp79m.39.
Llobera, M. (2007) ‘Reconstructing Visual Landscapes’, World Archaeology, 39(1), pp. 51–69. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40026482 (Accessed: 22 February 2016).
Llobera, M. (2011) ‘Archaeological visualization: Towards an archaeological information science (AISc)’, Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 18(3), pp. 193–223. doi: 10.1007/s10816-010-9098-4.
Llobera, M. (2015) ‘Working the Digital: Some thoughts from Landscape Archaeology’, in Material Evidence: Learning from Archaeological Practice (eds. Chapman, R and Wylie, A). Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 173–88.
Low, S. M. (ed.) (2003) The Anthropology of Space and Place: Locating Culture. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Llobera, M. (2001) ‘Building Past Landscape Perception With GIS: Understanding Topographic Prominence’, Journal of Archaeological Science, 28(9), pp. 1005–1014. doi: 10.1006/jasc.2001.0720.
Llewellyn, F. (2016) ‘Field Walking at Lower Collier’s Farm, Bayton’, NWAG diaries.